Enforcement And Compliance with Laws of Radioactivity Emissions and Its Implications in the Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Sector in Uganda:

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine enforcement and compliance with Laws of radioactivity emissions and Its Implications in the oil and gas exploration and production sector In Uganda”. The research objectives that guided the study were to find out whether existing legal framework can effect radiation emission standards, to contrast Uganda’s oil and gas radiation protection laws with selected jurisdictions (Ghana and Egypt) and make appropriate recommendations where gaps are found. A doctrinal research design premised on legal concepts and principles of law, and statutes related to radiation protection were used. Specifically, data was collected using library research in particular documentary review methods. The study established that the Petroleum Act 2013 and other environmental Laws domesticate some international radiation emission standards in a generic way in particularly through waste management and pollution measures in oil and gas sector. However, study revealed failure to fulfill underscored standards by responsible enforcement Authorities, institutions and bodies. In comparison with selected African Jurisdictions, the study found that all three nations Uganda, Ghana and Egypt have no specific radiation protection law for oil and gas activities. All three countries domesticate international standards generically in existing laws majorly by putting special provisions that provides for pollution, waste management, regular inspection and supervision of oil and gas process and national advice for TENORM from oil and gas activities. However, Uganda can learn from Ghana and Egypt to decentralize its enforcement mechanism to local government levels and allow for participation of local people. The study concluded that consequences of radiation emission from oil and gas activities may become a reality unless there is strict enforcement by responsible Authorities, institutions and bodies concerned. To achieve compliance to radiation emission laws in oil and gas sector the study recommended advocacy by civil society organizations for oil exploration consistent with established laws, environmentally sound exploration technology and involvement of public build in advocacy for radiation emission standards in the oil and gas exploration